Story Summary
Discover Culhwch and Olwen, a legendary Welsh tale where King Arthur aids a young hero in completing impossible tasks to win the hand of a giant’s daughter.
Culhwch, son of Cilydd, was cursed by his stepmother to love only Olwen, the daughter of the terrible giant Ysbaddaden Bencawr. Knowing the giant killed every suitor, Culhwch sought the aid of his cousin, the legendary King Arthur. Arthur and his brave knights—including the gifted Cai and Bedwyr—vowed to help. When they reached the giant's fortress, Ysbaddaden set forty nearly impossible tasks, or anoethau, as a bride-price. These included obtaining the blood of a dark witch, the comb and shears from between the ears of the monstrous boar Twrch Trwyth, and the beard of a king to make a leash. With Arthur’s might and the supernatural skills of his companions, every challenge was met. They pursued the enchanted boar across Wales and Ireland, finally securing the prizes. Returning to the giant, they performed the final tasks, shaved his beard to the bone, and took his life. Culhwch married Olwen, and the curse was transformed into a legacy of victory through friendship and bravery.
The Moral
With determination and the support of loyal companions, no challenge is truly insurmountable.
“Wherever she went, four white trefoils sprang up behind her; and for this reason she was called Olwen.”
Fun Fact
This story is found in the Mabinogion and is considered the earliest prose account of King Arthur, showing him as a folk hero rather than a medieval knight.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the moral of Culhwch and Olwen?
The story emphasizes that persistence and community are essential for success. It teaches that even the most daunting, 'impossible' tasks can be completed when you have the right allies by your side.
Who is the main antagonist in the story?
The main antagonist is Ysbaddaden Bencawr, a giant who knows he is destined to die when his daughter Olwen marries. He sets impossible tasks for Culhwch to prevent the wedding and save his own life.
What is the significance of the white flowers in Olwen's path?
The name Olwen means 'White Track.' According to legend, four white trefoils (clovers) would spring up in her footsteps wherever she walked, symbolizing her purity and supernatural beauty.
How does King Arthur figure into this legend?
Culhwch is Arthur's cousin, and this story is one of the earliest recorded tales of Arthurian legend. Arthur acts as a powerful benefactor, using his resources and knights to help Culhwch achieve his goal.
What is the Twrch Trwyth?
The Twrch Trwyth is a monstrous, enchanted wild boar that was once a king before being transformed as punishment for his sins. Hunting him is the most difficult of Culhwch's many tasks.
How does Culhwch eventually defeat Ysbaddaden?
After completing the tasks, Culhwch and his allies return to the giant. They shave his beard and skin off his head, and then Gore, son of Custennin, beheads him, allowing the marriage to proceed.